How Are They Diagnosed Cataract

How Are They Diagnosed?
Although you might think you have a cataract, the only way to know for sure is by having an eye examination. Should your eyecare professional find a cataract, he or she can monitor it and advise you about any future treatment.

Treatment Options
In most cases, the only cataract treatment option is surgery. Your eyecare professional will remove your clouded lens and, in most cases, replace it with a clear, plastic lens. Cataract surgery is quite successful in restoring vision. In fact, it is one of the most common surgeries performed in the United States, with more than one million surgeries done each year.

If your eyecare professional finds a cataract, it may be several years before you need surgery. In fact, you might never need surgery. If you have a cataract, it's important to have your vision tested regularly. That way, you and your eyecare professional can determine when you might need treatment.

Slowing Down Cataract Development
Currently, there is no cataract cure or way of reversing cataracts, and it may not be possible to prevent them. But there are some things that you can do to possibly slow down the rate at which they form. Some of these cataract prevention measures include:

Regular eye exams
Certain lifestyle and dietary changes.

Causes and Risk Factors for Cataracts

Causes and Risk Factors for Cataracts
Research scientists know how the lens clouds (see Age-Related Cataract Formation) and that certain things can increase a person's risk of developing cataracts. But researchers do not know what causes the lens to cloud. The search for these cataract causes is an active area of research.

Cataract research has shown that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop them. A risk factor is anything that increases a person's chance of developing a disease.

Specific risk factors for this condition include:

Age (the risk increases as you get older)
Diabetes
Smoking
Long-term alcohol use
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet sunlight
Lead exposure.

Types of Cataracts
Although most cataracts are related to aging, there are other types. Some of these other cataract types include:

Secondary
Traumatic
Congenital
Radiation.

The term "age-related" is a little misleading. You don't have to be a senior citizen to get this type of cataract. In fact, people can have an age-related cataract in their 40s and 50s. But during middle age, most are small and do not affect vision. It is after age 60 that most cataracts cause a decrease in vision.

Symptoms of Cataracts
There are several possible cataract symptoms. However, other eye problems can also cause these symptoms. Anyone with possible symptoms should see an eyecare professional. Only a qualified eyecare professional can diagnose and treat the problem.

Possible symptoms may include:

Blurred or cloudy vision
Lights seem very bright (glare)
Colors seem faded
Difficulty reading
Poor night vision
Double vision or multiple images in one eye (this may go away as the cataract gets larger)
Frequent prescription changes in your eyeglasses or contact lenses.

What Are Cataracts?

What Are Cataracts?
A cataract is simply the clouding of the lens in the eye. When the lens becomes cloudy, the flow of light is distorted and the picture formed on your retina becomes dim or blurry.

Cataracts are common in older people. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery. A cataract can occur in either or both eyes. However, it cannot spread from one eye to the other.

In addition to the obvious problems of reduced vision, the visual disability associated with cataracts can have a significant impact on the risk of falls and fractures, your quality of life, and possibly even mortality.

Understanding the Lens
The lens lies behind the iris and the pupil. It works much like a camera lens. It focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye, where an image is recorded. The lens also adjusts the eye's focus, letting you see things clearly, both up close and far away.

The lens is made of mostly water and protein. The protein is arranged in a precise way that keeps the lens clear and lets light pass through it.

In a normal eye, light passes through the transparent lens to the retina. Once it reaches the retina, light is changed into nerve signals that are sent to the brain. But as we age, some of the protein may clump together and start to cloud a small area of the lens. This is a cataract. Over time, the cataract may grow larger and cloud more of the lens, making it harder to see.

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